IELTS Writing Task 2 Two-Part Question Essay Samples: 5 Band 9 Model Answers with Analysis

Introduction

Two-Part Question Essays (also called Direct Question Essays) present candidates with two distinct questions that must both be answered comprehensively within a single essay. This format tests your ability to manage multiple tasks simultaneously while maintaining coherent organization and balanced development.

The defining characteristic of two-part questions is that both questions carry equal weight in the assessment. Failing to address even one part adequately will severely damage your Task Response score, typically capping it at Band 5 regardless of how well you've answered the other part. This makes two-part questions potentially the most dangerous essay type for unprepared candidates who might inadvertently neglect one question.

Common two-part combinations include:

·        Causes + Solutions: "Why is this happening? What can be done?"

·        Reasons + Effects: "What are the reasons? What are the consequences?"

·        Causes + Evaluation: "Why is this the case? Is this positive or negative?"

·        Advantages + Disadvantages of causes: "Why does this occur? Is this beneficial or harmful?"

Success requires disciplined organization that ensures both questions receive equal attention and thorough development. Your essay must demonstrate that you've understood both questions as distinct tasks requiring separate, comprehensive responses.

Typical Question Wording

Two-part question essays can be identified by the presence of two distinct questions, often marked by separate sentences:

Causes + Evaluation Format

·        "Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative development?"

·        "What are the reasons for this trend? Do you think this is a beneficial change?"

Causes + Solutions Format

·        "What are the reasons for this? What can be done to address it?"

·        "Why is this happening? What measures could be taken?"

Reasons + Effects Format

·        "What are the causes of this problem? What effects does it have on society?"

·        "Why has this trend emerged? What impact does it have?"

Problems + Solutions Format

·        "What problems does this cause? What solutions can you suggest?"

·        "What difficulties arise from this? How can they be overcome?"

Key Recognition Tip: Look for two question marks or two distinct interrogative phrases. Each question represents a separate task that must be answered fully.

Strategy for Success

1. Dedicate One Paragraph Per Question (Minimum)

The clearest organizational approach is to allocate dedicated body paragraphs to each question:

Standard Structure:

·        Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic and indicate you'll address both questions

·        Body Paragraph 1: Fully answer Question 1

·        Body Paragraph 2: Fully answer Question 2

·        Conclusion: Summarize responses to both questions

Alternative Structure (for complex questions):

·        Introduction

·        Body Paragraph 1: First part of Question 1

·        Body Paragraph 2: Second part of Question 1

·        Body Paragraph 3: Answer to Question 2

·        Conclusion

2. Ensure Both Parts Are Fully Addressed

Each question must receive substantial, comprehensive treatment. A complete answer includes:

For "Why" questions:

·        2-3 distinct reasons

·        Explanation of each reason

·        Examples or evidence supporting each reason

For "Is this positive/negative" questions:

·        Clear position (positive, negative, or mixed)

·        2-3 supporting points

·        Explanation and examples

For "What can be done" questions:

·        2-3 specific, practical solutions

·        Explanation of how each would work

·        Connection to the causes (if causes were asked in Question 1)

Balance Check: Count the words in each answer section. They should be roughly equal (within 20-30 words). If one is 150 words and the other is 60 words, you've failed to balance properly.

3. Use Clear Topic Sentences

Make it obvious to the examiner that you're answering each question. Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence that explicitly references the question.

Effective Topic Sentences:

For "Why is this happening?"

·        "This trend occurs primarily due to two interconnected factors."

·        "Several key reasons explain this phenomenon."

For "Is this positive or negative?"

·        "I believe this development is largely negative for several reasons."

·        "This represents a positive change that benefits society in multiple ways."

For "What can be done?"

·        "Several practical measures could effectively address this issue."

·        "Both governmental and individual actions are necessary to solve this problem."

5 Band 9 Sample Essays

Sample 1: Aging Population

Question: In many countries, the population is aging rapidly. What are the main reasons for this trend? What effects does this have on society?

Band 9 Model Answer:

Demographic shifts toward older populations represent one of the most significant social transformations occurring across developed and many developing nations. Understanding the causes and consequences of this trend is essential for effective policy planning.

The primary driver of population aging is dramatically increased life expectancy resulting from medical advances and improved living conditions. Modern healthcare has conquered many diseases that previously killed people in middle age, while better nutrition, sanitation, and workplace safety have extended average lifespans significantly. In Japan, life expectancy has risen from 68 years in 1960 to 84 years currently, meaning people live substantially longer after retirement. Simultaneously, fertility rates have plummeted across developed nations as women pursue higher education and careers, delaying childbirth and having fewer children overall. Where families in 1960 averaged 3-4 children, contemporary couples in countries like South Korea and Italy average below 1.5 children, insufficient to maintain population levels. These combined factors—longer lifespans and fewer births—inevitably skew population distribution toward older age groups.

This demographic shift creates profound economic and social effects on societies. The most immediate consequence is escalating pressure on pension and healthcare systems, as fewer working-age individuals must support growing numbers of retirees. Japan already spends over 24% of GDP on social security, a proportion that continues rising as the elderly population expands. Healthcare costs particularly escalate because older individuals require substantially more medical care, straining public health budgets. Furthermore, labor shortages emerge as workforce populations shrink while demand for workers remains constant or grows, potentially constraining economic growth and requiring either increased immigration or delayed retirement ages. Socially, aging populations transform community dynamics as schools close due to insufficient children while eldercare facilities proliferate, fundamentally altering the character of neighborhoods and creating intergenerational tensions over resource allocation.

Additionally, aging populations place tremendous caregiving burdens on middle-aged adults—the "sandwich generation"—who must simultaneously support elderly parents and their own children while maintaining careers. In China, where the one-child policy created a 4-2-1 family structure (four grandparents, two parents, one child), working-age adults face overwhelming responsibilities caring for multiple elderly relatives without sibling support. This situation reduces workforce participation, particularly among women who disproportionately assume caregiving roles, and increases stress-related health problems among caregivers.

In conclusion, population aging primarily results from extended lifespans and reduced birth rates driven by medical progress and changing social norms. The effects include strained social welfare systems, labor shortages, and increased caregiving burdens that collectively challenge societies to adapt economic structures and social policies to accommodate demographic realities.

(Word count: 416)

Analysis:

Task Response (Band 9): Both questions comprehensively addressed. Paragraph 2 fully explains reasons (life expectancy + fertility rates). Paragraphs 3-4 thoroughly explore effects (economic pressures, social changes, caregiving burdens). Equal development of both parts.

Coherence and Cohesion (Band 9): Clear organization with dedicated sections for each question. Effective topic sentences signal which question is being answered. Smooth transitions between ideas.

Lexical Resource (Band 9): Sophisticated vocabulary ("demographic shifts," "inevitably skew," "escalating pressure," "intergenerational tensions," "sandwich generation"). Precise terminology used naturally.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (Band 9): Complex sentence structures with perfect accuracy. Wide variety including relative clauses, participial phrases, and complex noun phrases.

Sample 2: Rise of Fast Food

Question: Fast food consumption has increased dramatically worldwide. What are the causes of this trend? What problems does it create, and how can these problems be addressed?

Band 9 Model Answer:

The proliferation of fast food restaurants represents one of the most visible changes in global dietary patterns over the past five decades, with chains like McDonald's and KFC now operating in virtually every country. Multiple interconnected factors drive this expansion, which generates significant health and social consequences requiring coordinated responses.

Fast food consumption has surged primarily because of its convenience and affordability in increasingly time-pressured modern lifestyles. Contemporary workers often face long commutes and extended working hours, leaving minimal time for food preparation. Fast food provides immediate meals at low prices, making it economically attractive for budget-conscious families and time-starved professionals. A working parent can feed a family of four at a fast food restaurant for less than the cost of purchasing and preparing ingredients for a home-cooked meal, and in a fraction of the time. Additionally, aggressive marketing campaigns, particularly those targeting children through toys, playgrounds, and cartoon mascots, create brand loyalty from early ages. These restaurants strategically locate outlets near schools, workplaces, and residential areas, maximizing convenience and visibility while making healthier alternatives seem comparatively inconvenient.

This dietary shift creates serious public health problems, most notably escalating obesity rates and associated chronic diseases. Countries that have embraced fast food culture most enthusiastically, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Mexico, now report obesity rates exceeding 30% of populations. The high caloric density, excessive sodium, and unhealthy fats characteristic of fast food contribute directly to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers that now represent leading causes of death globally. Beyond individual health, these conditions burden healthcare systems with treatment costs that divert resources from other priorities. Furthermore, fast food culture erodes traditional cooking skills and family meal practices, as children growing up on processed foods never learn to prepare nutritious meals, perpetuating unhealthy patterns across generations.

Addressing these problems requires multi-level interventions targeting both supply and demand. Governments should implement substantial taxes on fast food items, similar to sugar taxes enacted in Mexico and several European nations, making unhealthy options less economically attractive while generating revenue for health programs. More fundamentally, zoning regulations should restrict fast food outlets near schools and limit their density in residential neighborhoods, reducing convenience and temptation. Simultaneously, schools must incorporate mandatory nutrition education and cooking classes teaching children to prepare healthy, affordable meals—skills that will serve them throughout life. Employers can contribute by providing adequate lunch breaks and subsidizing healthy canteen options rather than encouraging rushed fast food meals.

In conclusion, fast food consumption has risen due to convenience demands, affordability, and aggressive marketing in time-constrained modern society. This trend causes serious health consequences including obesity and chronic disease, requiring coordinated government regulations, educational initiatives, and workplace policy reforms to shift populations back toward healthier dietary patterns.

(Word count: 454)

Analysis:

Task Response (Band 9): Comprehensively addresses all three parts: causes (paragraph 2), problems (paragraph 3), and solutions (paragraph 4). Each component fully developed with specific details.

Coherence and Cohesion (Band 9): Excellent organization with clear sections for each question component. Effective transitions and logical progression throughout.

Lexical Resource (Band 9): Wide-ranging sophisticated vocabulary ("proliferation," "time-pressured modern lifestyles," "dietary shift," "multi-level interventions"). Natural collocations and precise word choices.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (Band 9): Complex grammatical structures with perfect accuracy. Varied sentence patterns including relative clauses, participial constructions, and conditionals.

Sample 3: Decline in Reading Books

Question: Fewer people are reading books than in the past. What are the reasons for this decline? What consequences does this have for society?

Band 9 Model Answer:

Book reading has declined significantly across demographics over recent decades, with surveys indicating that nearly a quarter of adults in developed countries read no books annually. This cultural shift stems from identifiable causes and carries meaningful implications for intellectual and social development.

The primary reason for reduced book reading is competition from alternative entertainment and information sources that offer more immediate gratification. Digital platforms—including streaming services, social media, video games, and YouTube—provide constant stimulation designed to capture and maintain attention through rapid content delivery and interactive features. Reading a 300-page novel requires sustained concentration over many hours, while a Netflix series or TikTok feed delivers entertainment in digestible segments requiring minimal cognitive effort. The human brain naturally gravitates toward activities providing quick dopamine hits, making books seem laborious by comparison. Furthermore, omnipresent smartphones create perpetual distraction that fragments attention spans, rendering the sustained focus required for deep reading increasingly difficult even for those who wish to read. Research indicates that average attention spans have decreased from 12 seconds in 2000 to approximately 8 seconds currently, making extended reading cognitively challenging.

Additionally, modern lifestyles characterized by longer working hours and multiple commitments leave people with less leisure time for activities requiring extended engagement. A professional working 50-60 hours weekly with family responsibilities, household maintenance, and social obligations simply has fewer available hours for reading than previous generations who worked shorter hours with fewer competing demands. When spare time does arise, exhausted individuals often choose passive entertainment requiring minimal mental effort rather than the active cognitive engagement that reading demands.

This decline in reading produces several concerning consequences for individuals and society. Most significantly, reduced reading correlates with diminished critical thinking abilities and decreased empathy. Literary fiction particularly develops theory of mind—the capacity to understand others' perspectives—by immersing readers in characters' internal experiences in ways that visual media cannot replicate. Studies demonstrate that regular fiction readers show enhanced empathy and social cognition compared to non-readers. Additionally, declining reading proficiency affects professional competence, as many careers require analyzing complex written information that becomes increasingly difficult for individuals who rarely practice sustained reading. At a societal level, populations with declining reading rates show increased susceptibility to misinformation and oversimplified political messaging, as they lack the analytical skills developed through engaging with nuanced written arguments.

Furthermore, the decline in reading threatens cultural continuity and shared knowledge bases that historically united communities. Classic literature provided common reference points enabling shared understanding across generations and social groups, whereas fragmented media consumption creates cultural silos where people lack common intellectual touchstones for meaningful discourse.

In conclusion, book reading has declined due to competition from instant-gratification digital entertainment and time-constrained modern lifestyles. This trend produces worrying consequences including reduced empathy, weakened critical thinking, increased susceptibility to manipulation, and fragmented cultural knowledge that collectively diminish social cohesion and intellectual capacity.

(Word count: 474)

Analysis:

Task Response (Band 9): Both questions thoroughly addressed. Paragraphs 2-3 explain reasons (digital competition, lifestyle changes). Paragraphs 4-5 explore consequences (cognitive effects, social impacts). Balanced development.

Coherence and Cohesion (Band 9): Clear structure with distinct sections for each question. Effective transitions ("Additionally," "Furthermore"). Logical flow throughout.

Lexical Resource (Band 9): Sophisticated vocabulary ("immediate gratification," "sustained concentration," "cognitive effort," "theory of mind," "cultural silos"). Precise academic language.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (Band 9): Complex sentence structures with perfect grammar. Wide variety of forms including relative clauses, participial phrases, and complex noun phrases.

Sample 4: Space Exploration

Question: Governments are spending billions on space exploration programs. Why are they doing this? Is this a positive or negative development?

Band 9 Model Answer:

Space exploration has experienced renewed investment in recent years, with governmental agencies like NASA, ESA, and China's CNSA committing hundreds of billions to programs ranging from Mars missions to lunar bases. Understanding the motivations behind these expenditures and evaluating their merit requires examining both practical benefits and opportunity costs.

Governments pursue space exploration for several compelling reasons. Primarily, space programs generate technological innovations with terrestrial applications that justify investment through eventual economic returns. Technologies initially developed for space missions—including satellite communications, GPS navigation, water purification systems, and advanced materials—have revolutionized daily life and created trillion-dollar industries. Medical devices like MRI scanners and miniaturized electronics derive from space research, demonstrating that space investment ultimately produces practical benefits exceeding initial costs. Additionally, space exploration addresses existential concerns about humanity's long-term survival. Scientists recognize that Earth faces various catastrophic risks—from asteroid impacts to climate change—making establishing permanent human presence beyond Earth a rational insurance policy for species survival. Finally, geopolitical competition drives investment as nations view space capabilities as indicators of technological sophistication and global power status, similar to historical motivations for naval or nuclear programs.

I believe space exploration represents a fundamentally positive development despite legitimate concerns about expenditure priorities. The knowledge gained from understanding our cosmic context provides intrinsic value that transcends immediate practical applications. Discovering whether life exists elsewhere, understanding planetary formation, and revealing the universe's fundamental nature represent worthy goals for an advanced civilization, elevating humanity beyond mere survival concerns toward intellectual growth. The famous "pale blue dot" image captured by Voyager 1, showing Earth as a tiny speck from billions of miles away, transformed human perspective on our place in the cosmos—a philosophical contribution impossible to quantify economically but profoundly valuable nonetheless.

Moreover, space programs inspire scientific education and ambition among young people in ways that few other endeavors can match. The Apollo program created a generation of scientists and engineers who drove subsequent technological revolutions, while contemporary programs like Mars rovers capture public imagination and motivate students toward STEM careers. This inspirational value alone justifies substantial investment by creating human capital that benefits economies for decades.

However, I acknowledge the valid criticism that space budgets could alternatively fund urgent terrestrial problems including poverty, education, and healthcare. Space agencies should therefore focus on projects with demonstrable scientific value or practical applications rather than prestigious but scientifically limited endeavors. International cooperation—exemplified by the International Space Station—can also reduce costs while promoting peaceful collaboration.

In conclusion, governments invest in space exploration for technological advancement, existential risk mitigation, and geopolitical positioning. I believe this represents a positive development because the knowledge gained, technological spinoffs produced, and inspirational impact on scientific education justify expenditures, provided programs prioritize scientific merit and foster international cooperation over nationalistic competition.

(Word count: 461)

Analysis:

Task Response (Band 9): Both questions comprehensively addressed. Paragraph 2 thoroughly explains reasons. Paragraphs 3-5 provide clear evaluation (positive) with balanced acknowledgment of criticisms. Position explicit and well-supported.

Coherence and Cohesion (Band 9): Excellent organization with clear sections for each question. Effective transitions ("Moreover," "However"). Logical progression supporting the conclusion.

Lexical Resource (Band 9): Sophisticated vocabulary ("renewed investment," "existential concerns," "geopolitical competition," "intrinsic value," "human capital"). Precise terminology used naturally.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (Band 9): Complex sentence structures with perfect accuracy. Wide variety including relative clauses, participial phrases, and conditionals.

 

Sample 5: Online Education

Question: Online education is becoming increasingly popular. Why is this happening? Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Band 9 Model Answer:

The shift toward online education has accelerated dramatically, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, with millions of students now pursuing degrees, certifications, and courses entirely through digital platforms. This transformation reflects changing technological capabilities and social needs, while generating both opportunities and concerns that merit careful evaluation.

Online education's growth stems primarily from three interconnected factors. Most fundamentally, technological advances have made high-quality remote learning feasible for the first time. High-speed internet, video conferencing platforms, interactive learning software, and cloud-based collaboration tools enable educational experiences that were impossible even a decade ago. Students can now participate in real-time discussions, collaborate on projects, and access multimedia resources from anywhere with internet connectivity. Secondly, online education dramatically reduces costs for both institutions and students by eliminating physical infrastructure requirements and geographical limitations. A university can serve thousands of additional students without constructing new buildings, while students save money on accommodation, transportation, and campus fees. Platforms like Coursera and edX offer courses from prestigious institutions at a fraction of traditional tuition costs. Finally, online education provides unparalleled flexibility for non-traditional students including working professionals, parents, and individuals with disabilities who struggle to attend physical classes on fixed schedules.

I believe online education represents a largely positive development that democratizes access to knowledge, though it requires thoughtful implementation to maximize benefits while mitigating limitations. The most significant advantage is dramatically expanded educational access for previously underserved populations. Students in remote rural areas, developing nations with limited higher education infrastructure, or individuals with mobility constraints can now access the same quality instruction as those in major metropolitan areas. An ambitious student in rural India can take computer science courses from Stanford professors, opportunities that would be impossible through traditional education models. This democratization potentially reduces global inequality by making elite education accessible regardless of geography or economic circumstances.

Furthermore, online education enables personalized learning at unprecedented scale. Adaptive learning technologies can adjust content difficulty and pacing to individual student needs in ways that even the most dedicated teacher cannot achieve in a 30-student classroom. Students who grasp concepts quickly can accelerate, while those requiring additional support receive customized practice without holding back peers or feeling stigmatized.

However, online education does present legitimate challenges that must be addressed. The lack of face-to-face interaction can diminish learning quality in subjects requiring hands-on practice, intensive discussion, or mentor relationships that develop most naturally through personal contact. Laboratory sciences, performing arts, and clinical medical training particularly suffer in purely digital formats. Additionally, online learning requires substantial self-discipline and motivation that many students lack, resulting in completion rates significantly lower than traditional programs. Technical barriers also perpetuate inequality, as students without reliable internet access or appropriate devices cannot participate effectively, potentially widening rather than narrowing educational gaps.

In conclusion, online education has grown due to technological enablement, cost reduction, and flexibility demands. I view this as a positive development because it democratizes educational access and enables personalized learning, though successful implementation requires hybrid approaches combining digital and in-person elements for subjects requiring hands-on experience, while ensuring technological access for disadvantaged populations.

(Word count: 510)

Analysis:

Task Response (Band 9): Both questions thoroughly addressed. Paragraph 2 comprehensively explains reasons (technology, cost, flexibility). Paragraphs 3-5 provide clear evaluation (positive overall) with balanced consideration of limitations. Position explicit and well-justified.

Coherence and Cohesion (Band 9): Excellent organization with dedicated sections for each question. Effective transitions ("Furthermore," "However"). Clear logical progression supporting the conclusion.

Lexical Resource (Band 9): Wide-ranging sophisticated vocabulary ("interconnected factors," "democratizes access," "adaptive learning technologies," "self-discipline," "hybrid approaches"). Precise academic language.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (Band 9): Complex grammatical structures with perfect accuracy. Sophisticated use of relative clauses, conditionals, and participial constructions.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Ignoring One Part of the Question

The Problem: The most serious error in two-part questions is failing to answer one question at all, or giving it only superficial treatment.

Example of Incomplete Response:

Question: "Why are people living longer? What effects does this have?"

Weak Answer:

·        Paragraph 1: Three detailed reasons for longevity (200 words)

·        Paragraph 2: "This has many effects on society." (30 words, no specific examples)

Why It Fails: Even if the first question is answered brilliantly, neglecting the second question results in incomplete Task Response, typically capping your score at Band 5.

How Examiners Assess: Each question is evaluated separately. You need:

·        Band 7+ answer to Question 1

·        Band 7+ answer to Question 2

·        Your overall band is approximately the average of both

Solution: Before you start writing, identify both questions clearly. Allocate roughly equal word counts to each (120-150 words minimum per question). Use a simple checklist:

✓ Question 1: Have I provided 2-3 points with explanations and examples? ✓ Question 2: Have I provided 2-3 points with explanations and examples?

2. Writing Unevenly (Too Much on One Part)

The Problem: Spending significantly more words on one question than the other suggests inability to manage task requirements equally.

Example of Uneven Development:

·        Answer to Question 1: 250 words with detailed analysis

·        Answer to Question 2: 80 words with general statements

Why It Fails: This demonstrates poor task management and suggests you either didn't understand the question format or couldn't develop both answers adequately.

Target Balance: For a 300-word essay:

·        Introduction: ~40 words

·        Question 1 answer: ~110 words

·        Question 2 answer: ~110 words

·        Conclusion: ~40 words

Acceptable variance: ±20-30 words between answers

Problematic variance: More than 50 words difference

Solution: After writing your first answer, physically count the words. Then aim for a similar count in your second answer.

3. Weak Linking Between the Two Answers

The Problem: Treating the two questions as completely separate topics rather than recognizing their relationship.

Example of Poor Connection:

Question: "Why are people buying more online? What problems does this create?"

Weak Approach:

·        Paragraph 1: Lists reasons for online shopping (convenience, price, selection)

·        Paragraph 2: Lists problems (job losses, waste) without connecting them to the specific reasons mentioned

Strong Approach:

·        Paragraph 1: Explains that convenience and lower prices drive online shopping

·        Paragraph 2: Explains that the convenience enabled by massive warehousing systems generates environmental problems, and lower prices come from eliminating retail workers, causing unemployment

The strong approach shows that the problems flow logically from the causes, demonstrating sophisticated thinking.

How to Create Links:

Linking Language:

·        "These factors that drive online shopping inevitably generate several problems..."

·        "As a consequence of the convenience mentioned above..."

·        "The very features that make online shopping attractive also create difficulties..."

·        "These causes directly lead to..."

Strategy: When answering the second question, explicitly reference your answer to the first question, showing the examiner that you understand the relationship between the two parts.

4. Unclear Topic Sentences (Examiner Can't Tell Which Question You're Answering)

The Problem: Using vague topic sentences that don't signal which question you're addressing.

Weak Topic Sentence: "There are several factors to consider."

The examiner can't tell if you're about to discuss reasons, effects, solutions, or something else.

Strong Topic Sentences That Signal the Question:

For "Why" questions:

·        "This trend occurs for several interconnected reasons."

·        "Three primary factors explain this phenomenon."

·        "The main causes of this development are..."

For "Effects/Consequences" questions:

·        "This situation produces several significant consequences."

·        "These changes create both economic and social effects."

·        "The implications of this trend are far-reaching."

For "Positive/Negative" evaluation:

·        "I believe this represents a fundamentally positive development."

·        "Despite some benefits, I consider this a largely negative trend."

·        "This development has both positive and negative dimensions."

For "Solutions" questions:

·        "Several practical measures could address this problem."

·        "Effective solutions require action at multiple levels."

·        "Both governmental and individual initiatives are necessary."

 

Practice Questions

Test your skills with these two-part question essay prompts:

Practice Question 1

More people are working from home than ever before. Why has this happened? Is this a positive or negative development?

Practice Question 2

In many countries, people are having fewer children than in the past. What are the reasons for this? What effects does this have on society and family life?

Practice Question 3

Traditional shops are disappearing from city centers as online shopping becomes more popular. Why is this happening? What problems does this cause for communities?

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